Monsoon in India
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| Monsoon in india |
The Climate_of_India comprises a wide range of weather conditions across a vast geographic scale and varied topography,many key factors affects making generalisations difficult.India's geography and geology plays the pivotal role climatically.The Thar Desert in the northwest and the Himalayas in the north work in tandem to create a culturally and economically important monsoonal regime. As Earth's highest and most massive mountain range,the Himalayas bar the influx of frigid katabatic winds from the icy Tibetan Plateau and northerly Central Asia.Climate in south India is generally hotter than north India. Most parts of
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| Climate-of-india |
Retreating monsoon season.Monsoon or rainy season,lasts from June to September. The season is dominated by the humid southwest summer monsoon,which slowly sweeps across the country beginning in late May or early June.Monsoon rains begin to recede from North India at the beginning of October.South India typically receives more rainfall.North east trade winds prevail over the Bay of Bengal and the peninsula most parts of India have fine weather with clear skies.Parts of North-West India are affected by western disturbances which originate in the mediterranesn sea.These disturbances give rainfall and snow fall to parts of Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana,some parts of Tamil Nadu cost also get rain fall from north east winds blowing over the Bay of Bengal.
June 1 is regarded as the date of onset of the monsoon in India, as indicated by the arrival of the monsoon in the southernmost state of Kerala.The monsoon accounts for nearly 80% of the rainfall in India,in terms of GDP(Gross Domestic Product) our economy is maximum farm based economy.Farming employs country's 50% population and yet it produces only 15-17% of the country's GDP.
Precipitation in Indian subcontinent
India receives south-west monsoon winds in summer and north-east monsoon winds in winter.South-west monsoons are formed due to intense low pressure system formed over the Tibetan plateau.North-east monsoons are associated with high pressure cells over Tibetan and Siberian plateaus.Cherapunji, located 16 km east of Mawsynrain holds some other rainfall records.Distribution of precipitation received from south west monsoon is very largely governed by the relief.Advancing Monsoon season is considered as a blessing if it rains in time.It gives peace,pleasure and idyllic life to all creatures.Monsoon comes along with refreshing rain which gives relief from unbearable heat of summers rejuvenate all living organism like flora and fauna.But it even prone to various diseases.Monsoon season in summer gives us great relief.It lessens the heat the temperature comes down.The air becomes cool.Humans,animals and birds all feel refreshed. The leaves of trees have a glistening shire.The gardens look charming. Monsoons season in winter is dreaded by all.Then we except for ultimately or excessive rains a monsoon season in India are greeted Is equally useful to animal and plant life and gives a new lease of life to the biodiversity.
Monsoon and its effect on Indian economy
Monsoon plays a crucial role in the Indian economy. Since India is primarily an agricultural nation it banks heavily on good monsoons.A good monsoon is favourable for farmers while poor or insufficient rainfall can cause crop failure and sometimes it makes matters worse and crest drought like situations in the large swathes of the country.This directly affects the economy of the country.Monsoons are getting affected by Pollution In India, Monsoons are weakening year by year. They are showing some abnormal activity such as one year there will be no rains and another year there will be very high rainfall.Though the Tropic of Cancer has the boundary between the tropics and subtropics passes through the middle of India,the bulk of the country can be regarded as climatically tropical.As in much of the tropics, monsoonal and other weather patterns in India can be wildly unstable epochal droughts, floods,cyclones, and other natural disasters are sporadic,that have displaced or ended millions of human lives.There is one scientific opinion which states that in South Asia such climatic events are likely to change in unpredictability,frequency, and severity.Ongoing and future vegetative changes and current sea level rises and the attendant inundation of India's low-lying coastal areas are other impacts,current or predicted, that are attributable to global warming.
El nino and la nino
El nino and LA nino both affects the precipitation in Indian peninsula to a great extent.El Nino during winter causes warm conditions over the Indian subcontinent and during summer, it leads to dry conditions and deficient monsoon.Whereas La Nina results in better than normal monsoon in India.
India experienced deficient rainfall during El Nino years 2002 and 2009 whereas monsoon was normal during El Nino years 1994 and 1997.It means that in about 50 per cent of the year with El Nino during summer,India experienced droughts during monsoon.Crops like Paddy, Maize, Groundnut,Guar,Castor, Baja,Tur,Moong would suffer due to El Nino.
Hence,we can say El Nino and La Nina impact greatly and plays a significant role in determining weather patterns across the country.El Nino resulted in a rise in warm air over the land and cooler moisture-bearing air blows in from the sea,bringing heavy rains or drought in the region.La Nina usually results in better than normal monsoon in India.But apart from these two, there are other factors that affect India’s rainfall pattern like North Atlantic SST, Equatorial SE Indian Ocean SST,East Asia Mean Sea Level Pressure,North Atlantic Mean Sea Level Pressure and North Central Pacific wind.
FORMS OF PRECIPITATION
Some Common forms of precipitation are rainfall, drizzle, snow fall, sleet, and hail.
(1) Rainfall - This is the most common form of precipitation. It consists of water falling in drops from the clouds. The size of rain-drops varies from 0-5 mm to 6 mm in diameter. The ascent of large masses of air is essential for rainfall to occur. The ascent may be brought about in three ways. corresponding to these there are three main types of rainfall : Convectional, cyclonic and orographic.
(a)Convectional rainfall :- Convectional rainfall is caused by the process of convection in the atmosphere the sun reaches the earth’s surface which,in turn heats air near the ground.The warm current arises in fast convection currents.The rising air is cooled till it's dew point is reached now the water vapor condenses.It is a common occurrence in equitorial region.It results in heavy downpour,often accompanied by thunderstorm.
Cyclonic rainfall :- This type of rainfall is also called frontal rainfall. It is associated with the passage of a cyclone. It occurs when a warm air mass overrides a damson mass of cold air along with a front condensation takes place,with cloud formation and rainfall ahead of the front.
Orographic rainfall :- This type of rainfall is caused by mountains standing in the path of moisture-laden air,the air is forced to rise and is thereby cooled. Clouds form and rain fall on the wind ward slaps of the mountain.The air is almost free of moisture when it descends over the other side of the mountain.This side, called the leeward slope, receives relatively light rain, or no rain.It is, therefore,an area of dry climate and is often called a rain shadow area.
(2) Drizzle :- Rainfall in fine raindrops of less than 0-5 mm diameter is called drizzle. The fine droplets of drizzle appear to float following the lightest movement of air.The Drizzle falls continuously from low, thin - layered clouds.It is often associated with fog and poor visibility.Due to rise in the pollution level it can form smog in winter season.
(3) Sleet :- Rain that is Frozen or partially frozen is called sleet.It is produced when rainfalls through a cold layer of air near the earth's surface.
(4) Snowfall :- Precipitation in the form of minute ice crystals is called snowfall. It occurs when water vapor condenses at temperatures below 0 degree Centigrade. and the lower atmosphere is sufficiently cool.These conditions are essential for ice crystals to reach the ground without melting.Snowfall is common in middle and high latitude regions.
(5) Hailstorm:- The round pellets of ice that fall from clouds of immense vertical height are called hail or hailstones.Hailstones range from 5 mm to 5 cm in diameter. These are formed when there are strong vertical currents of air.Condensation then occurs at very high altitudes at very low temperatures. The pellets of ice formed within the clouds repeatedly rise and fail with draughts.They keep colliding with super cooled water droplets which instantly freeze on them. They grow larger and heavier by deposition of ice layers.Hailstorms cause much damage to the crops.
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